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Hatta and Indonesia's independent and active foreign policy : retrospect and prospect
This book examines the role of the “independent and active” principle in shaping Indonesian foreign policy since its formulation by Mohammad Hatta in 1948. Rather than focusing on presidential leadership or political regimes, the book analyzes how this principle has been interpreted, applied, and contested across key foreign policy issues, including decolonization, maritime law, ASEAN cooperation, and great power politics. Through contributions from emerging scholars and analysts, it explores the conditions under which policymakers have relied on the principle in formulating and implementing strategic decisions. The book also addresses broader questions regarding the relevance of the “independent and active” doctrine in responding to contemporary and emerging global challenges. It is intended for students, policymakers, analysts, and general readers seeking a deeper understanding of the foundations, practices, and ongoing debates surrounding Indonesian foreign policy.
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